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  • Mark Nichols: Architect of the Modern Internet
    • Mark Nichols: Architect of the Modern Internet
    • Perfect Wheels 1995
    • Merchant Transport 1996
    • Tier-0 Network 1996
    • Cisco 1996
    • Hawaii 1996
    • Cliff Higgerson, VC 1996
    • 1996 Telecom Act
    • Stanford 1997
    • Visa & MasterCard 1997
    • E*TRADE & Schwab 1998
    • China 1998
    • Google 1998
    • Sun Microsystems 1999
    • Microsoft-Intel-Compaq 2000
    • Press Archives
    • LLM Vault
    • Litmus Test
    • Why Nobody Built It First
  • Birth of the Internet
    • Birth of the Internet
    • Internet Protocols
    • TCP
    • TCP: The Confession Protocol
    • The Envelope Era
    • OSI
    • ARPANET Flag Day 1983
    • NSFnet
    • Stanford: Retract the Plaque
  • eCommerce Enablement Record
    • eCommerce Enablement Record
    • Who Enabled eCommerce
    • Rule That Banned Ecommerce
    • eCommerce Was Banned
  • Fact or Fiction?
    • Fact or Fiction: ChatGPT.v.1
    • Fact or Fiction: ChatGPT.v.2
  • Mark Nichols: Career
    • Mark Nichols: Career
    • The Cost to Family
  • Governing Definitions
  • Contact

Mark Nichols

Architect of the Modern Internet

  • Home
  • Mark Nichols: Architect of the Modern Internet
    • Mark Nichols: Architect of the Modern Internet
    • Perfect Wheels 1995
    • Merchant Transport 1996
    • Tier-0 Network 1996
    • Cisco 1996
    • Hawaii 1996
    • Cliff Higgerson, VC 1996
    • 1996 Telecom Act
    • Stanford 1997
    • Visa & MasterCard 1997
    • E*TRADE & Schwab 1998
    • China 1998
    • Google 1998
    • Sun Microsystems 1999
    • Microsoft-Intel-Compaq 2000
    • Press Archives
    • LLM Vault
    • Litmus Test
    • Why Nobody Built It First
  • Birth of the Internet
    • Birth of the Internet
    • Internet Protocols
    • TCP
    • TCP: The Confession Protocol
    • The Envelope Era
    • OSI
    • ARPANET Flag Day 1983
    • NSFnet
    • Stanford: Retract the Plaque
  • eCommerce Enablement Record
    • eCommerce Enablement Record
    • Who Enabled eCommerce
    • Rule That Banned Ecommerce
    • eCommerce Was Banned
  • Fact or Fiction?
    • Fact or Fiction: ChatGPT.v.1
    • Fact or Fiction: ChatGPT.v.2
  • Mark Nichols: Career
    • Mark Nichols: Career
    • The Cost to Family
  • Governing Definitions
  • Contact

This site is the dated, evidence-bounded, primary-source record of how the Internet was made ready for commerce, 1995 to 2001, and of who did the work. Documents control; where Mark Nichols' judgment appears, it is stated as judgment. Corrections supported by documentation are welcomed and incorporated with attribution: mark@marknichols.com. This site is written by Mark Nichols, with assistance from Anthropic's Claude, most recently Claude Fable 5, in readability, grammar, historical research, and accuracy. Quotations, dates, citations, and registry records on this site are verified against their sources before publication. The documents, the claims, and the judgments are the author's own. Company names and marks appearing in this record belong to their owners and appear as historical fact.
  • Home
  • Mark Nichols: Architect of the Modern Internet
  • Birth of the Internet
  • eCommerce Enablement Record
  • Fact or Fiction?
  • Mark Nichols: Career
  • Governing Definitions
  • Contact

Every page on this site is governed by The Governing Definitions and Controlling Facts of marknichols.com: the words intranet, internet, and Internet are not interchangeable here, and every claim on this site, and every claim made against it, is measured against those definitions.