My father, Clyde Wayne Nichols (b. 1931)

1. 1. While employed at the Stanford Linear Accelerator in 1976, he contributed to the research that led to the Nobel Prize in Physics for the discovery of the Tau Lepton, a particle similar to the electron.
   2. While employed at the Stanford Linear Accelerator in 1974, he contributed to the research that led to the Nobel Prize in Physics for the discovery of the Charm Quark, a heavy elemental particle of a new kind.
   3. While employed at the University of California, Berkeley, Lawrence National Laboratory in 1968, he contributed to the research that led to the Nobel Prize in Physics for the Decisive Contributions to Elementary Particle Physics.
   4. During 1950-1954 he served in the United States Air Force as a cryptologist, and contributed to the Allied efforts of the Korean War.

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Direct descendant of eight Mayflower voyage passengers and twenty-two Plymouth Colony pilgrims, with their arrival beginning in 1621.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plymouth_Colony

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Mayflower_passengers

The Mayflower Society has verified eight of my father’s grandparents as passengers on the ship Mayflower (1620); in addition to the eight Mayflower passengers, three grandparents migrated on the ship Fortune (1621); and four additional grandparents were on the ship Anne (1623). From the offspring of these first-generation Massachusetts pilgrims and the subsequent family member migrations to New England during the 1600’s, my father’s family has 240 grandparents who participated in the establishment of this country in the 17th century. The first-generation Mayflower passengers and Plymouth Colony members are as follows:

(A) The ship Mayflower reached Cape Cod on November 21, 1620. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mayflower

1. 1. Isaac Allerton (b. 1586–1659), signed the Mayflower Compact, husband to Mary Norris-Allerton, father of Mary Allerton, who were together aboard the ship Mayflower. Historical pilgrim shipping records list Isaac making three separate trips from Europe to Cape Cod (aboard Mayflower, White Angel in 1628, and Lyon in 1629). After relocating to the New Haven Colony (Connecticut) and subsequently buying more land in the Dutch colony of New Amsterdam (lower Manhattan), he was appointed to the Eight Men, an early citizen’s advisory board, in 1643 by then Director of New Netherland Willem Kieft. That was an early form of representational democracy in colonial North America. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Allerton, https://www.packrat-pro.com/ships/whiteangel.htm, https://www.packrat-pro.com/ships/lyon1.htm,
   2. Mary Norris-Allerton (b. 1590–1621), married to Isaac Allerton and mother of Mary Allerton, all aboard the ship Mayflower. http://mayflowerhistory.com/allerton-marynorris
   3. Mary Allerton (b. 1617–1699), daughter of Mary Sr. and Isaac, married Thomas Cushman, who traveled with his father aboard the ship Fortune; see below. Mary was the last surviving member of the passengers aboard the Mayflower; she passed away on November 28, 1699. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Allerton
   4. Richard Warren (b. 1583–1628), signed the Mayflower Compact, was the husband of Mary Warren and father to their daughter Elizabeth, who both traveled together aboard the ship Anne.  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Warren
   5. Thomas Rogers (b. 1571–1621), signed the Mayflower Compact, was the father of Joseph Rogers, who was also a passenger aboard the Mayflower. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Rogers_(Mayflower_passenger)
   6. Joseph Rogers (b. 1603–1678), age 17, was the son of Thomas Rogers, a Mayflower passenger.  https://themayflowersociety.org/passenger-profile/passenger-profiles/the-rogers-family/
   7. Stephen Hopkins (b. 1581–1644), signed the Mayflower Compact and previously sailed aboard the ship Sea Venture in 1608, was a shipwrecked and co-discoverer of Bermuda, a Jamestown resident and massacre survivor, and the father of Constance Hopkins, another Mayflower passenger. Anecdote: Stephen Hawkins was the only passenger on Mayflower who had lived in the Jamestown Virginia Colony prior to landing in Cape Cod with the Plymouth Pilgrims. Thus, he would have experienced and participated in first-person interactions, living communally and interdependently with the colonists of my mother’s family in the Jamestown Colony. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Hopkins_(Mayflower_passenger)
   8. Constance Hopkins (b. 1606–1677), daughter of Stephen Hopkins, married Nicholas Snow, who traveled aboard the ship Anne.  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constance_Hopkins

The importance of the Mayflower Compact is immeasurable, as it laid the foundation for the creation of the Declaration of Independence and then the Constitution of the United States.  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mayflower_Compact

(B) On November 9, 1621, the ship Fortune arrived at Cape Cod in place of the Speedwell, which expert historians believe the captain sabotaged.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortune_(Plymouth_Colony_ship)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speedwell_(1577_ship)

1. 1. Robert Cushman (b. 1577–1325), Church Deacon & Chief Agent and organizer in London for the Leiden Separatist contingent from 1617 to 1620 and later for Plymouth Colony. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Cushmanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Cushman
   2. Reverend Thomas Cushman Sr. (b. 1608–1691), Robert’s son, married Mary Allerton, who was a passenger aboard the ship Mayflower. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Cushman_(Plymouth_colonist)
   3. Stephen Deane (b. 1605–1634), married to Elizabeth Ring, who was a passenger aboard the ship Confidence in 1931,  https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Deane-4

(C) The ship Anne reached Cape Cod in 1623. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_ships_Anne_and_Little_James

1. 1. Robert Bartlett (b. 1603–1676) married Mary Warren, who was also aboard the ship Anne.  https://pilgrimhall.org/robert_mary_bartlett.htm
   2. Mary Warren (b. 1610–1683), the daughter of Elizabeth Walker-Warren, also traveling aboard the ship Anne (see below), and Richard Warren, who traveled aboard the ship Mayflower (see above), married Robert Bartlett, who was also aboard the ship Anne. https://pilgrimhall.org/robert_mary_bartlett.htm
   3. Elizabeth Walker-Warren (b. 1583–1673), married to Richard Warren, who was a passenger aboard the ship Mayflower, and mother to Mary Warren, who was also aboard the ship Anne, https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Walker-1209
   4. Nicholas Snow (b. 1599–1676) married Constance Hopkins, who traveled aboard the ship Mayflower. https://pilgrimhall.org/nicholas_constance_snow.htm

Additional Massachusetts Bay Colony Pilgrims (arrival to colony after ships Mayflower, Fortune, & Anne) who have notable historical records and that my father has direct descendancy:

1. 1. Governor Tristram Coffin Sr. (b. 1608–1681), father of Peter Coffin, was one of the founders of Nantucket; he had estates in England, owning property in Dorset and Devon. Unlike the Leiden Congregation, which was the collective of the Plymouth Colony, he was an established English gentleman and not a Puritan. He left for New England at age 37 in the year of crisis between Charles I and Parliament, bringing with him his wife, five children, his mother, and two of his unmarried sisters. In 1658, Tristram formed a company with his son, Peter, for the purchase of Nantucket and moved there in 1659. https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Coffin-221
   2. Peter Coffin (b. 1630–1715). Son of Governor Tristram Coffin, Sr., he and seven others bought Nantucket Island in 1659 for the price of 30 pounds sterling and two beaver hats. He settled on the eastern slope of what is now called Trott’s Hills. The Coffin House is a historic Colonial American house operated as a non-profit museum by Historic New England https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coffin_House https://www.geni.com/people/Tristram-Coffin-Sr/6000000003389592794
   3. Major-General Humphrey Atherton (b. 1608–1661). Held the highest military rank in colonial New England, representative in the General Court, was Speaker of the House representing Springfield, Massachusetts, Assistant Governor, magistrate, judiciary of colonial government, member of the Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company of Massachusetts, and held the rank of Major-General. He also organized the first militia in Massachusetts. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humphrey_Atherton
   4. Thomas Tupper Sr. (b. 1578–1676), a ship carpenter (thus, as a crew member, he was not listed amongst passengers), is believed to have visited the Plymouth Colony for the first time in 1621 aboard the ship Fortune, a second time in 1624 aboard the ship Charity, and a third time in 1631 aboard the ship Abigail, from which he stayed. He became a member of the general courts of Sandwich, a deputy, and a town council selectman. https://www.geni.com/people/Thomas-Tupper-Sr/6000000002928584106      https://www.fostasandwich.com/tupperhouse
   5. Benjamin & Katherine Nye, (b. 1620–1704, 1623–?), Benjamin Nye Homestead and Museum, Sandwich, Massachusetts, https://www.nyemuseum.org/
   6. Judge Peter Burr (b. 1668–1724), Harvard College graduate class of 1690, Major of Militia, Fairfield County, Connecticut, Auditor of the Colony, Deputy of Fairfield, Speaker of the House, Assistant in the Government, Councilor to the French and Indian War, Justice of the Peace, Judge of Probate for Fairfield, Judge of County Court, Judge of Superior Court, and Chief Judge of Superior Court. None of the Commonwealth leaders could surpass or even come close to matching his influence for good in the colony, nor could they match his accomplishments or public service.  https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Burr-34  https://www.cga.ct.gov/hco/speakers/bios/Peter_Burr_Judge.pdf  https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/45811821/peter-burr
   7. hold

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Direct descendancy to twelve Jamestown colonists, the first permanent English settlement in North America, with their arrival beginning in 1608.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamestown,_Virginia

https://www.jamestowne.org/qualifying-ancestors.html

My mother’s family is directly descendant of twelve grandparents recognized as members of the Jamestown Colony by the Jamestown Society. From these first-generation Virginia pilgrims, their offspring, and the subsequent family member migrations to the Virginia Territory in the 1600’s, my mother’s family has 182 grandparents who participated in the establishment of this country in the 17th century. The first generation of Jamestown colonists are as follows:

1. 1. Thomas Graves Esq. (b. 1580–1636), Burgess, original stockholder in Virginia Company of London, member Smith’s Hundred (an original James River plantation), Burgess, ancient planter, arrived in Jamestown with Second Supply ship Mary & Margaret, in 1608. Husband to Katherine Graves. Father of Verlinda Graves-Stone. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Graves_(burgess)
   2. Katherine Graves (b. 1586–1636), wife of Thomas Graves, maiden name and history unknown, was the mother of Verlinda Graves, who married Governor William Stone.  https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Graves-27
   3. Lt. Edward Waters (b. 1588–1630), sailed on the ship Sea Venture in 1608, shipwrecked and co-discoverer of Bermuda, Governor of Bermuda, Jamestown Burgess, Jamestown Massacre captive and survivor. Husband of Grace Neal. Father of William Waters. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea_Venture
   4. Grace Neale (b. 1604–1683), wife of Capt. Edward Waters, mother of William Waters, sailed to Jamestown, Virginia, on the ship Diane in 1618 at the age of 16, Jamestown Massacre captive and survivor. https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Neale-2050
   5. William Waters, Governor, Major Northampton County Militia, son of Capt. Edward Waters & Grace Neale, husband to Margaret Robins. https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Waters-222
   6. Margaret Robins-Waters (b. 1625–1665), wife of Governor Waters, daughter of Mr. Obedience Robins (second husband to Grace Neal-Waters after the death of Lt. E. Waters). https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Robins-56
   7. Col. Obedience Robins (b. 1600–1662), Governors Council and Chairman, Burgess, Commander of Accomack Co., second husband to Grace Neal-Waters after the death of Lt. E. Waters. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obedience_Robbins
   8. Stephen Hawkins (b. 1581–1644), Bermuda shipwrecked castaway, co-discoverer of Bermuda, Jamestown massacre survivor, Mayflower passenger, signed the Mayflower Compact, and was also the father of Constance Hopkins, Mayflower passenger. Anecdote: Stephen Hawkins was the only passenger on Mayflower who had visited the Jamestown Virginia Colony prior to landing in Cape Cod with the Massachusetts Colonists. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Hopkins_(Mayflower_passenger)
   9. Governor William Maximillian Stone (b. 1603–1660), Governor of the Province of Maryland, married Verlinda Graves (daughter of Thomas & Katherine Graves), sailed aboard the Margaret arriving in 1619, one of the original settlers of the Berkeley Hundred in Charles City Shire, a Virginia and Maryland colonist.  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Stone_(Maryland_governor)
   10. Verlinda Graves-Stone (b. 1618–1675), wife of Governor William Stone, daughter of Thomas & Katherine Graves, a Virginia and Maryland colonist. https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Graves-36
   11. Captain Raleigh Crowshaw Esquire (b. 1580–1624), a member of the London Company and an ancient planter, Burgess, arrived in Jamestown with Second Supply in 1608, an ancient planter. Wife and mother of children, unnamed and unknown. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raleigh_Croshaw
   12. Major Joseph Croshaw (b. 1610–1667), son of Capt. Crowshaw, educated in England, Justice of the Court York County, Burgess, Assemblyman, Sheriff, Royalist who opposed the rule of Oliver Cromwell (a great uncle as my father is a direct descendant of Robert Cromwell, Oliver’s father). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Croshaw
   13. hold